The User Profile Synchronization service does not start on a stand-alone installation of SharePoint Server 2010

SharePoint Server 2010  has two installation options:
1- Complete Installation:
     You can add more Web Front End Servers,  Application Services Servers, and DataBase servers to your
    farm.
2- Stand-alone Installation:
    This installs all the components of SharePoint on one server, and you don't have the possibility to join more
     servers to the Farm.

One of the limitations of Stand-alone Scenario is:
"The User Profile Synchronization service is not designed to work on a stand-alone installation of SharePoint Server 2010."

Source:
http://support.microsoft.com/kb/983061